Rape Theory

Rape is a subject that has interested me for years. Here is a list of news, articles which explain how it's seen, felt, described in India. I have included some of my posts on this subject in the section labelled "Additional reading".

Wiki article on rape: 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociobiological_theories_of_rape: Quotes:

"On the other hand, a 2003 study found that the frequency of pregnancy from rape is significantly higher than that of pregnancy in non-coercive intercourse, and advanced the hypothesis that male rapists disproportionately target women exhibiting biological indications of fertility"

He cites a paper by C.A. Fox and Beatrice Fox, reporting that biologist Alan Sterling Parkes had speculated in personal correspondence that "there is a high conception rate in rape, where hormonal release, due to fear or anger, could produce reflex ovulation". Smith also cites veterinary scientist Wolfgang Jöchle, who "proposed that rape may induce ovulation in human females" 

https://www.mta.ca/~ogould/FLIPS/Flips5McKibbin.pdf: Nice article: Quotes:

"For example, Tang-Martinez (1997, p. 116) describes a common feminist view that evolutionary psychology is, “inherently misogynistic and provides a justification for the oppression of women.” However, the feminists to whom Tang-Martinez refers are committing what is known as the naturalistic fallacy: the error of deriving what ought to be from what is. This error can be demonstrated clearly with an example: No sensible person would argue that a scientist researching the causes of cancer is thereby justifying or promoting cancer. Yet some people argue that investigating rape from an evolutionary perspective justifies or legitimizes rape" - this is interesting. When feminine women inquire into the cause of a undesirable phenomenon, they are usually in an empathizing / forgiving mode. When researchers inquire into the cause of a phenomenon their purpose is to understand it, control it and ultimately minimize or eliminate it. I have seen this difference often. The F (as in MBTI) reason for going into the cause is very different from the T's reason.

"Related to the naturalistic fallacy is the false belief of genetic determinism: The idea that behavior is unalterable, programmed, or otherwise unchangeable. Biologist John Maynard Smith noted that genetic determinism is, “an incorrect idea that is largely irrelevant, because it is not held by anyone, or at least not by any competent evolutionary biologist” (1997, p. 524). No evolutionary psychologist would argue that because rape is produced by evolved mechanisms, we should accept its occurrence." This contradicts my belief that behavior is largely pre-programmed.

"Wrangham and Peterson (1996) reviewed evidence indicating that male orangutans exist as one of two distinct morphs or behavioral types. The large morphs weigh significantly more, move much slowly, and are typically able to find females willing to mate with them. The small morphs are typically unable to find females willing to mate with them. These small morphs are more likely to chase down and rape females. This represents a conditional strategy. If the smaller males are unable to gain sexual access to females through intrasexual competition and by being attractive to females, they may use the conditional strategy of chasing down and raping a female." - This is fantastic and quite different from what Michael Crichton opines about rape in his lovely novel Disclosure. Fantastic because it provides a simple explanation about what causes the non-alpha male to rape. Is this what Mukesh Singh did?

"A hypothesized design feature of rape adaptations involves mechanisms that cause men to evaluate the sexual attractiveness of rape victims differently than for consensual partners. Specifically, a rapist might be more successful reproductively by maximizing the chance that a one-time forced copulation will result in pregnancy. According to this hypothesis, a would-be rapist may be more likely to target a highly fertile woman than a woman who is less fertile (Thornhill & Palmer, 2000). Human female fertility (current likelihood of conception per copulation) peaks in the early to mid-20s. Therefore, if women in this age range are over-represented in reports of rape, it is possible that this reflects a male adaptation that leads to raping fertile women more often than non-fertile women. Numerous studies have documented that young women are most often targeted by rapists, and that women of peak fertility are over-represented in reported and unreported rapes"

"we propose five types of rapists (or contexts of rape),

• disadvantaged men who resort to rape [orangutan example] "It is supported by data indicating that rapes are committed disproportionately by men with low socioeconomic status...Furthermore, Krill, Lake, and Platek (2006) presented evidence that men convicted of rape display lower facial symmetry, an indicator of poor genetic quality. Facial symmetry is linked positively with physical and psychological health (Shackelford & Larsen, 1997), and men with lower facial symmetry are perceived as less attractive and as less desirable mates",

• “specialized” rapists who are sexually aroused by violent sex..."Meta-analyses indicate that convicted rapists demonstrate greater sexual arousal to scenes of sexual coercion involving force than do nonrapists..If a rape is a one-time event, it might make adaptive sense for the rapist to inseminate the woman with an ejaculate that contains a high sperm count or that otherwise increases the chance of successful fertilization. Indeed, Thornhill and Palmer (2000) have hypothesized that some rapists may be capable of producing a high-sperm-count ejaculate that would increase the chance of fertilization. Men seem to be capable of unconsciously adjusting sperm number in ejaculates, such as in response to a greater risk of sperm competition (Baker & Bellis, 1989, 1993), but it is unknown whether rapists adjust sperm numbers during rape",

• men who rape opportunistically,

• high-mating-effort men who are dominant and often psychopathic, and

• partner rapists motivated by assessments of increased risk of sperm competition....Women are particularly likely to be raped by their partner during a breakup instigated by men’s concerns about their partner’s infidelity...Men with partners who committed infidelities, or who suspected that their partner had committed infidelities (indicating increased risk of sperm competition), were more likely to perform sexually coercive behaviors, including rape. These findings are consistent with the existence of psychological mechanisms that motivate men to commit partner rape in response to risk of sperm competition"

"A sample of 169 normally ovulating women watched short segments of videotaped interviews of men. The women were then asked to rate the men on several items that were summed to create an overall coerciveness score. Average coerciveness scores for each man were computed. Finally, women’s menstrual status was estimated using the reverse-cycle counting method. The results indicated that women in the fertile phase of their menstrual cycle rated the men as more sexually coercive. This suggests that women at greater risk of conception may be more attuned to signs of male sexual coerciveness than women at lesser risk of conception." - This could mean that women are more paranoid and not that they identify sexually aggressive men more accurately when they [women] are at maximum risk of becoming pregnant.

"Studies demonstrate that women have a greater fear of stranger rape than of being raped by someone they know. This is despite modern patterns of rape, which indicate that women are more likely to be raped by someone they know. These results may reflect the greater potential costs associated with stranger rape, such as a decreased likelihood of investment by the genetic father of resulting offspring." 

Nice article on women's rape fantasies: 

https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/evolution-the-self/201411/don-t-call-them-rape-fantasies: Quotes:

“The desire of the man,” she opined, “is for the woman, but the desire of the woman is for the desire of the man.” 

"Arousal [and, however involuntarily, most women do lubricate in situations of actual rape] is not consent.”

"What Chivers believes must be emphasized is that such politically incorrect sexual fantasies are absent any imagined negative repercussions. That without including any physical or psychological harm—but rather keying in on the abandoned thrill of being so daringly, illicitly, even roughly, “taken” by a passionate male—they reveal a core element in female eroticism. It’s a “rape” totally liberated from any serious possibility of assault."

"So, in such idealized “pretend scenarios,” a woman can experience her rawest, most unconstrained sexuality as fully, wondrously, even miraculously expressed—in no way impeded by any viscerally felt sense of peril. " 

Porn versus romantic novels: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/evolution-the-self/201205/the-triggers-sexual-desire-part-2-what-s-erotic-women

Why men rape women: 

http://www.2knowmyself.com/why_do_men_rape_women

http://owningyourshit.blogspot.in/search/label/rape: Nice article on rape: Quotes: 

"That is, to maintain the definition of rape as the conscious, intentional and willful forcing of sex on a clearly non-consenting person....[In a study]  Because of all the women determined to have been raped, only 27% considered themselves to be rape victims. Yes, that's right. It was the surveyors, not the respondents, who decided who had been raped and who hadn't."

"If women want society to place no special value on a woman's sexual purity as a function of her self-worth, they need to...well, grow up and stop placing special value on it themselves in the context of unwanted sexual attention. That rape is a crime and should be treated as such, I have absolutely no problem with. But that rape is still treated as an "extra-special, super-crime against the 'sanctity' of a woman's body, the worst violation ever, and one that should be treated differently than other crimes because it brings shame and a loss of self-worth to victims"? This is backward thinking in any sexually liberated society. " Wowowow.

Apparently women (and men too perhaps) can pick up subtle signs and spot other women who are ovulating as per this article.

Originally posted 25/6/2017

Additional reading:

1. http://www.newser.com/story/229936/teen-who-impregnated-teacher-gets-6m-from-district.html? utm_source=part&utm_medium=ozy.com&utm_campaign=pp: Teen male gets $6million for raping teacher
2. https://vbala99.blogspot.com/2022/03/pink-is-for-men.html
3. https://vbala99.blogspot.com/2018/10/metoo-got-molested.html : Strongly recommended.
   
4. https://vbala99.blogspot.com/2018/09/stockholm-syndrome.html