Saturday, February 28, 2015

Intuitive Or Sensing?

I have been worried a lot about the difference about sensing (S) and intuition (N) (MBTI). The people I thought were intuitive and saw patterns and understood what you had to say before you said them, were strong sensors. 

I keep getting to a stage where I think at last I understood the difference between S and N only to realize later that I am back to where I started.

Today, i read this (from http://www.thepeopleprocess.com/articles/sensor-or-intuitive.php): Quote from there:


"The gathering of Information dimension represents the greatest potential for differences between people, since it applies to our worldview. For instance, I am an Intuitive and a couple of years ago did some marketing for a civil engineering company. Most civil engineers prefer Sensing to take in information and when giving information relate it in terms of specific facts, numerical order and systemization. When the engineers I worked with gave me information for a project, my brain literally froze and I couldn't think until I translated the information through my Intuitive frame of reference. I needed to know what we were trying to achieve and the purpose of the project. Once that was clear, I was able to understand what to do with the facts and what information the engineers needed from me. And, I'm sure that when I presented Information to the group of engineers I was working with, my tendency to describe the big picture without the facts leading up was just as confusing to them. Sensors see the individual trees and Intuitives see the forest. Sensors spend a lot of time describing detail and Intuitives can become impatient with this detail preferring the "bottom line" approach to giving and receiving Information."

I have known people who went through the same kind of experience "brain literally freezing" until they knew what the objective or context was. But the same people (they are definitely T and I assume they are N) are hardly "big picture" and "lost in thought" kind of people when there is some job to be done. Perhaps it's the J and not the N which makes these people get on with something instead of just theorizing. Maybe the presence of J makes an N very different from the classical definition of the N type.

When it came to academic theorizing about things not immediately relevant to day to day living, they seemed to be N. But when it came to their daily life, perhaps because of their J, they seemed to be "at it". The N was a private (like "Mr Hyde") part of them. The N nature was obvious by a marked absence of any interest or ability in sensing unless there was an activity to be completed. And no, the ones I know do not have gut feel, intuition etc the kind that feminine nature is supposedly empowered to be with.


The "dark" intuitive nature was not always visible. It came to light only while doing certain activities. And then it would seem like they have become a very different person, an amazing transformation. And these "N's" do not have any idea of the big picture nor can they "read between the lines". They may not have a clear picture / vision of future possibilities as mentioned here and here. They may not be disorganized. 

But, they do go beyond the data to see what the data implies - just as Newton saw beyond the apple. Newton saw the "big picture" behind the apple falling. But that was not in real time, it was much later. Perhaps years later. Nor did he read between the lines. I wonder what kind of gut feel or intuition Newton had, or even whether he had any... Would those definitions mentioned in the links above apply to Newton? Or was he Sensing?

I know a person who seems to be a combination of IxTJ and EyFP, almost a dual personality. IxTJ in profession and IyFP in his personal space. One of x and y is S and the other is N. I am not sure whether x is N or y is N. It is interesting to note that the dominant, auxiliary, tertiary and inferior functions of both the times are the same.

The following quotes from http://careerassessmentsite.com/tests/myers-briggs-tests/about-the-myers-briggs-type-indicator/ seems to fit one part of his personality perfectly.
"Adaptable Innovators (NP) are constantly seeking new challenges of the unknown and are able to adjust to new opportunities and possibilities as they arise. They love their creative freedom and are independent and unconventional in their thought and decision making process. They like to explore new solutions for not only new problems, but also old problems that they feel can be improved upon. It is also not uncommon to see MBTI NP types to proceed head-first into challenges that others may see as very difficult or impossible."

About Thoughtful Innovators (IN=Introverted Intuitive): "Non IN Types also have a tendency to judge MBTI IN Types as being too serious and for missing out on many of the aspects of life that are associated with a practical outlook. Thoughtful Innovators are very serious academically and unfortunately the modern workplace does not provide many career fields where individuals can spend the majority of their time on intellectual pursuits." 

If one considers the "Openness" scale of 5 factor model, the person would score very low for openness towards experiencing new stuff in the sensory world. The same person would score high in his abstract world of new ideas. How would the 5 factor theory rate such people on openness? Following added on 8th May 2017: I believe that Openness comes from P (as in MBTI) for life events or sensory things and from N for new ideas. Thus NP's will probably be the people most open in many respects.


The following is a quote from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Openness_to_experience:
"A number of studies have found that openness to experience has two major subcomponents, one related to intellectual dispositions, the other related to the experiential aspects of openness, such as aesthetic appreciation and openness to sensory experiences. These subcomponents have been referred to as intellect and experiencing openness respectively, and have a strong positive correlation (r = .55) with each other.""Openness to experience, especially the Ideas facet, is related to need for cognition, a motivational tendency to think about ideas, scrutinize information, and enjoy solving puzzles, and to typical intellectual engagement (a similar construct to need for cognition)."The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) measures the preference of "intuition," which is related to openness to experience. Robert McCrae pointed out that the MBTI sensation versus intuition scale "contrasts a preference for the factual, simple and conventional with a preference for the possible, complex, and original," and is therefore similar to measures of openness. As per http://psp.sagepub.com/content/36/1/82 (this article is quoted in the wiki link above), Need for Cognition (NFC) was more associated with fluid than with crystallized aspects of intelligence. Quote from that article - "NFC to be positively correlated with openness, emotional stability, and traits indicating goal orientation. Using confirmatory factor analysis and event-related potentials, incremental validity of NFC and openness to ideas was demonstrated, showing that NFC is more predictive of drive-related and goal-oriented behavior and attentional resource allocation."



Is it possible that the low openness towards aesthetic and sensory things is because of the SJ nature of the person mentioned earlier and the high for abstractions is because of the NP in him? Unfortunately, the "Openness" of five factor model includes two distinct components - that towards Sensory appreciation and the one towards abstract appreciation. I am uncomfortable any time when a factor consists of two distinctly different and independent components even if they are not mutually exclusive.

Read this very intriguing article about multiple MBTI types in a single person. This article is worth reading.


Maybe the NTJ's are a weird lot. Note that where I have mentioned N's I refer to NT's. 

Sensors have a great memory. N's tend to go beyond storing and retrieving of data. And some N's do not read between the lines. This is a lovely article on the difference between S and N and between NF and NT. Maybe discoveries are made by S. And new theories and inventions by N's. 


In the novel Atlas Shrugged by Ayn Rand the author would mention 2 kinds of people - one who would only read the editorial and one who would read the rest of the paper and not the editorial. Is there a S/N difference among the two types? 


I was watching the movie Lagaan where the English lady explains the game of cricket while the hero listens intently to her. The heroine watches the hero's expression and she "senses" something wrong. Now while anyone would have just seen the hero trying to understand cricket from a "coach", the heroine sees something different. What caused it? Her F or N?


Similarly in the Cadbury's advertisement (in Hindi) where a girl is about to serve some refreshments to some a guy called "Sid" and she mocks his accent, mimicking "London, New York", and his talk to her elder sister. The elder sister "intuits" winks at her younger sister and having found that the younger sister actually is enamored by "Sid". Again, the same question: What caused the elder sister to find out?


A quote from http://www.awinningpersonality.com/psychology/the-big-5-personality-traits/agreeableness/: "Abstract thinking is bad for empathy. As Marilyn Manson (and perhaps others before her) said, “The death of one is a tragedy; the death of millions is just a statistic.” "


Does this mean N people are less empathetic than S people? I think the concept of altruism and examples quoted seem to miss one point. How much do altruistic people depend on "inward altruism (= begging or stealing)" - meaning their propensity to derive funds or benefits towards themselves without paying for it in any form or paying substantially less than the market value? Altruism should be looked at as the net contribution made by people (subtracting inward altruism or unfair benefits received) and not just towards payments. Who is the moocher? The ones without empathy or the ones with? Do people consider whether abstract thinkers beg or steal?

Additional reading:

Wednesday, February 25, 2015

Change In Behavior

I saw this today. Very true.. We respond to others depending on how they are to us. Our attitude and behavior does depend on what we perceive.  

It is quite possible that we wear conservative dress because we see others dress wearing immodest revealing dress and and we think "yuck, not me. I will never do that".

This is in response to a thought that I have been having... Are our thoughts (read: values) constant or are they dynamically changing? 

How we are as a person: are we static or do we drastically change depending on who we are with?

Put another way, how much of what we are is static and how much is a reflection of who we are with..

Entrepreneurs And Employees

Lovely article on the difference in the nature between entrepreneurs and employees:
http://www.businessinsider.in/Scientists-have-discovered-a-personality-difference-between-entrepreneurs-and-employees/articleshow/46305421.cms

http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol8/JITEv8p029-043Johnston281.pdf


A classification of types from the link above:
The four temperaments that Keirsey and Bates (1998) identified are:
  • Artisans – Live one day at a time, and can be classified by the following personalitytypes: ESTP, ISTP, ESFP, ISFP.
  • Guardians – Are driven by responsibility, and possess one of the following personality types: ESTJ, ISTJ, ESFJ, ISFJ.
  • Rationals –Seek knowledge and competence in all they take on, and can be recognised by the following personality types: ENTJ, INTJ, ENTP, INTP. Johnston, Andersen, Davidge-Pitts and; Ostensen-Saunders.
  • Idealists – Are soul searchers who constantly quest for meaning and significance in their lives, with the following personality types: ENFJ, INFJ, ENFP, INFP.
Keirsey and Bates (1998) divided the four temperaments into two groups: “Earthlings” which consisted of Artisans and Guardians (all S), and “Martians” (all N) which consisted of Rationals and Idealists. 
As per this article, entrepreneurs are likely to be S because of the need for entrepreneurs to live and survive in a practical world. "Head in the clouds" (N) is a good fit for systems analysts but not for entrepreneurs. The paper suggests that entrepreneurs are more likely to be J than P. I disagree. I believe that J's form good managers, entrepreneurs should be open, flexible focused on the big picture than the immediate closure of issues. The paper also finds three correlations (not very strong though).
  • Entrepreneurship correlates with P (I don't understand why the paper mentioned the opposite earlier.)
  • F and N are correlated. I have always suspected this because both F and N (Ne actually) are intuitive, able to look beyond the obvious. Both derive from Venusian influence. 
  • J, T and I are correlated. I have suspected this also (J and T). I, T and J derive from Saturnine influence. Actually I believe E, Ne, F, P are kinda similar traits. E, F and P being people-centric and pleasant. While Ne and F are both similar in terms of their intuitive nature. Again I, T, J are all similar - they seem to go together, all of them being generally unpleasant.
The article also mentions that innovative entrepreneurs are intuitive. I call them the creators. I have explained this later in this post.

Another definition of entrepreneur from the same link above:

Deo (2005) defines an entrepreneur from two different viewpoints: that of an economist and a psychologist:1. “To an economist, an entrepreneur is one who brings resources, labour, materials and other assets into combinations that makes their value greater than before, and also one who introduces changes, innovations, and a new order.”2. “To a psychologist, such a person is typically driven by certain forces-the need to obtain or attain something, to experiment, to accomplish, or perhaps to escape the authority of others.” 
Entrepreneurs having a driving ambition and an ability to risk it all. Risk taking is a Martian trait. Driving ambition comes from Venus. An introverted person is unlikely to be an entrepreneur. The likely MBTI group that are entrepreneurs are E*FP. An entrepreneur is unlikely to be a T. More likely to be E*FP. Some entrepreneurs are actually creator who stumbled into entrepreneurship. An entrepreneur is a person who is driven to achieve, on the way he tries to find his calling. A creator knows what his calling is. Creator is likely to be I*TP.

On this subject:



"The INTP the perfect right hand man for any entrepreneur." from http://www.quora.com/What-Myers-Briggs-personality-type-are-most-entrepreneurs

"I'm starting to feel that entrepreneurship requires a team with two members, one who exhibits ENTP and one who is an INTJ, or some combination thereof. I've noticed that teams that are too J build one product with too much detail whereas teams that are too P focused build too many products with little detail." from http://www.quora.com/What-Myers-Briggs-Type-Indicator-(MBTI)-types-are-best-suited-to-entrepreneurship.

I saw a table listing attributes needed in leaders in this article.

Most of the attributes seem to FP related. TJ skills such as Planning, Analytical Ability, Functional / Technical Expertise were among the 5 least frequently selected attributes. The frequently chosen attributes were largely ones were Emotional Intelligence attributes.


Additional reading on this subject:

Saturday, February 14, 2015

Excel - Analyzing Filtered Set Of Data

I wanted to calculate the average and Standard deviation etc of a filtered set of data.

See the cell F4 in this sheet where the average of a set of cells is calculated with 2 filters. 


See cell H4 where Standard deviation is calculated on a filtered range and cell I4 calculating the same STD using the normal way.
(I got the solution from this site.)

If you want to count the count of cells having some text strings "abc" in them (Note that I say having a string and not cells having value "abc", meaning I am referring to cells having values "abcpqrs" also)

then use this formula countifs(a1:d5, "*abc*)

Use of sumproduct to calculate sum of certain cells across multiple columns from a rectangular array of rows and columns based on multiple filter conditions 



  • Set on column headers and 
  • set on values in other columns 

is shown in the same link in the "sumproduct" sheet, cell D9.


If you want sumproduct to include a case of pattern matching (substrings) then see cell E9 in the same sumproduct sheet.


Using Dynamic Sheets In Microsoft Excel

http://www.ozgrid.com/Excel/named-ranges.htm Name Manager is in Formulas tab.

Formula For Finding Maximum Value In Excel Subject To a Criteria In Another Column
=MAX(IF($B$20:$B$470=1,$E$20:$E$470))

Finds the max in column E from those rows where column B = 1.

I think the formula doesn't work if the values are in another sheet.

Additional reading:

Friday, February 13, 2015

Intelligence And Personality Disorder

People with BPD's (= Borderline Personality Disorder and NPD = Narcissistic PD) apparently have problems holding different (good, bad and ugly) views of another person and merging all of them into a single view by understanding that any person has all three aspects. Unfortunately, as per the article, people with such disorders see other things or people in black and white (all good or all bad).
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/stop-walking-eggshells/201112/black-and-white-thinking-is-both-bpd-and-npd-trait


Does this mean that BPD's and NPD's in some ways aren't intelligent?

Given below is a quote by John Galt in Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged.
"To arrive at a contradiction is to confess an error in one’s thinking; to maintain a contradiction is to abdicate one’s mind and to evict oneself from the realm of reality."

Does this mean that, as per FSF, John Galt and Ayn Rand aren't intelligent? Or as per the definition of BPD, NPD, that the heroes of Ayn Rand and she herself have a black and white thinking and hence may be having a personality disorder of the kind mentioned at the top?

F (=Feeling people as in MBTI) people rarely see contradiction or think it is a cause to get upset about. Only F persons can hold contradictory views at the same time comfortably. Because they don't think in terms of rules. A contradiction is not an issue for an F. A person with T will get upset with a contradiction (as Ayn Rand's quote above shows). 


Contradiction is a term in the language for T (T=Thinking only). The issue with Ayn Rand is that she thinks that T is the only thing right and everything else be dammed.


Well, I can say one thing. If FSF is not F, then I am a BTSA. A friend of mine says this thing about the ability to hold contradictory views is more to do with J and P than with T and F. Meaning, she replaced my T with J and and my F with P.


The difference between what my friend says and what I say is that one of us thinks its a T vs F issue while the other thinks it's actually a J vs P issue (replace T by J and F by P). I have always suspected that T and J usually go together - meaning there is a good bond between the two as there is between F and P.


T (or J as my friend says) focuses on understanding things exactly and being right and correct and and not tolerating anything else. F (or P) focuses on pleasant and appreciating grades of grey and accepts and probably expects contradictions which adds to the vibrant shades. 


As a result TJ's usually are unpleasant while FP's are usually very pleasant to be with. The TJ's are usually better students than the FP's earlier in life. It's surprising that the latter are much more ambitious than the former. FP's usually are pleasure seeking and extremely averse to pain while TJ's are pain seeking and duty oriented while being averse to pleasure - themselves as well as for others. TJ's reflect the behavior of Saturn while FP's that of Venus. A person with a strong Saturn and a strong Venus will exhibit both TJ and FP traits. 


Exceptions:

I have come across exceptions. An uncle with strong Mars, Venus and Saturn has very few traits of Saturn except for being long lived. Same is the case with the mother of a friend of mine. Another friend who is largely a TJ was not a good student at school while her husband, an FP, was a good student.

Additional reading:

Monday, February 2, 2015

Interesting Violence


An approximate translation as requested by a friend:
There is a general belief that women are less strong than men. Hence the weapon that they use is harsh words. At some point, a man loses patience and ends up using physical violence (there do exist some women who retaliate). This helps women use the laws regarding marital violence. In these circumstances, the women who used the harsh words are not punished, not even cautioned. If we term the action of a man resorting to beating as violence, then the woman whose harsh words triggered the violence is also punishable.

In such court cases, children are used as armor. Children are used as weapons in order to blackmail the husband and his family. In order to avoid these, many husbands remain silent against their wives' verbal assault.

A child belongs to both parents. Is it fair that such women resort to false allegations against the men in court, take custody of the child and ask for maintenance of the child from the husband?

In India, the groom's family makes the bride's family miserable at the time of marriage. And the reverse happens at the time of divorce!

Women's nature and conditioning usually makes them very careful about leaving a trace of their actions. While a man's action (as in violence) has a legal repercussion and is morally incorrect, the woman's action would usually be such that it is not legally incorrect while it may be morally reprehensible. Men have a lot to learn from women.

As I had mentioned to a friend of mine a few years back, both men and women do similar things. In case of violence men, being stronger use the physical means. Women use non-physical means of aggression and trespassing which can be loosely termed as emotional violence. 

I am Reminded of a thirukkural:
தீயினால் சுட்டபுண் உள்ளாà®±ுà®®் ஆறாதே 
நாவினால் சுட்ட வடு.



Translation: The wound caused by fire may heal but that caused by words won't. - (More importantly words leave no trace and cannot be detected during autopsy)

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